Classification of Proteins Analytical Research

Classification of Proteins Research
Introduction
Enzymes, such as proteins, improve biological reactions. Other proteins in the human body have a variety of biological roles. Proteas are divided into classes according to their biological processes, structural components, and activities (Chandonia, Fox, & Brenner, 2019).
Thesis
Proteins are classified into different groups, and each protein has various functions.
Research Question
What are the functions and level of organization, and how does the level of organization of proteins occur?
Research Methods
For maximum and practical research on the classification of proteins, I will use secondary research on books, articles, and journals.
Coded Categories
• Biological functions of proteins
• Levels of organization of proteins
• How levels of organization of proteins occur
Ethical Issues
The ethical issue that may arise during my research is that I will have to reference my work to avoid copyright infringement.
The theme I: Biological Functions of Proteins
Examples of proteins include enzymes, which speed up biological processes (Chandonia, Fox, & Brenner, 2019). These digestive enzymes include sucrase, which dissolves sucrose into glucose and fructose, and lactase. (Perri et al., 2021). Trypsin is one of these enzymes that help digestion by dissolving particular proteins into their amino acids. Proteins like peptides, such as the antidiuretic hormone, which is made from a chain of amino acids and aids in water reabsorption by alerting the kidney, operate as messengers in the human body.
Proteins such as collagen, keratin, and elastin are essential for providing body structure; for instance, keratin is a structural protein mainly found in the human body’s nails, skin, and hair. Collagen, a structural protein, is located in the skin, tendons, bones, and body ligaments. Proteins such as hemoglobin in red blood cells also efficiently maintain blood PH by binding small amounts of acids (Perri et al., 2021).
Theme II: Levels of Organization Proteins
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures are the four primary organizational levels of proteins (Chandonia, Fox, & Brenner, 2019). The primary system is the arrangement of amino acids within a protein, such as peptide bonds. The local conformation of amino acids throughout the protein chain describes the secondary protein structure. The parts of the secondary systems of proteins are positioned spatially following their tertiary structure. A working protein is created by combining polypeptide chains, as shown by the quaternary structure.
Theme III: How Levels of Organization of Proteins Occur
Amino acids form primary protein structures when they form peptide bonds. These peptide linkages are made when proteins are biosynthesized. A polypeptide chain has two ends, which are known as the amino terminus and the carboxyl terminus. The amino terminus is at the N-terminus, and the carboxyl terminus is at the C-terminus. Secondary protein structure is produced due to the local conformation of amino acids in protein chains. A peptide bond’s amino- and keto-groups create hydrogen bonds that aid in preserving the secondary protein structure. The way proteins fold in the tertiary protein structure causes interactions between amino acids far apart in the amino acid sequence to be brought closer together in space (Sequeira et al., 2020). Forming a functional protein from many polypeptide chains is a quaternary protein structure.
Conclusion
In conclusion, proteins are classified into different groups, and each has different functions; hence, they work together to complete the functions of the human body. Proteins mainly occur in four organizational levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.

References
Chandonia, J. M., Fox, N. K., & Brenner, S. E. (2019). SCOPe: classification of large macromolecular structures in the structural classification of proteins—extended database. Nucleic acids research, 47(D1), D475-D481.
Perri, D., Simonetti, M., Lombardi, A., Faginas-Lago, N., &Gervasi, O. (2021, September). A new method for binary classification of proteins with Machine Learning. In International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (pp. 388–397). Springer, Cham.
Sequeira, A. M., Lousa, D., & Rocha, M. (2020, June). ProPythia: a python automated platform for classifying proteins using machine learning. In International Conference on Practical Applications of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics (pp. 32-41). Springer, Cham.